Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal Gynecologic malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis and limited targeted therapeutic options. Folate Receptor Alpha (FRα), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchored membrane protein involved in folate transport, is overexpressed in a large proportion of epithelial ovarian carcinomas, particularly high- grade serous carcinoma, while its expression in normal tissues remains relatively limited. This differential expression makes FRα an important biomarker for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

The objective of this study is to highlight the clinicopathologic significance of FRα expression in ovarian cancer and explore its potential role in targeted therapy. Immunohistochemical evaluation of FRα expression can assist in tumor characterization and may help identify patients who could benefit from FRα-directed therapies. Recent advances in targeted treatment, including antibody-drug conjugates and folate receptor-targeted agents, have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with recurrent or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. These therapies utilize the selective overexpression of FRα on tumor cells to enhance targeted drug delivery while minimizing systemic toxicity.

Understanding the molecular and pathological significance of FRα may contribute to improved patient stratification and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. Continued integration of molecular pathology with targeted oncology therapies is expected to improve clinical outcomes and expand treatment options for patients.